A just transition ensures that the shift to a low-carbon economy is fair and inclusive, protecting workers, communities, and regions most affected by decarbonisation. It encompasses reskilling and retraining programmes, social safety nets, community economic development, and stakeholder engagement. The ILO Guidelines for a Just Transition and the Paris Agreement preamble both emphasise the imperative. India's coal mine closure programme and EU's Just Transition Fund are real-world applications.
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