Scope 3 Emissions

Scope 3 emissions are all indirect greenhouse gas emissions in a company's value chain, both upstream and downstream. The GHG Protocol defines 15 categories including purchased goods and services, business travel, employee commuting, transportation, waste, use of sold products, and investments. Scope 3 typically represents 70-90% of a company's total carbon footprint and is the most challenging to measure, requiring supplier engagement, spend-based estimates, or activity data.