GHG (Greenhouse Gases)

Greenhouse gases are atmospheric gases that trap heat and contribute to global warming. The Kyoto Protocol identifies seven GHGs: carbon dioxide (CO₂), methane (CH₄), nitrous oxide (N₂O), hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), perfluorocarbons (PFCs), sulphur hexafluoride (SF₆), and nitrogen trifluoride (NF₃). Each has a different Global Warming Potential (GWP) — methane is 28-80x more potent than CO₂ over different time horizons. GHG emissions are expressed in CO₂ equivalents (CO₂e).